vii Acknowledgments

ix To the Teacher

xi To the Student

xiii The Structure and Written Expression Section of the TOEFL® Test

1 PART 1: TYPES OF STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION QUESTIONS

2 CHAPTER 1: NOUNS

     2 Introduction: The Brain

     4 Grammar: Singular and Plural Nouns

     8 On the TOEFL® Test

     9 Exercises on Nouns

11 CHAPTER 2: PRONOUNS

     11 Introduction: Penguins

     13 Grammar: Pronouns

     19 On the TOEFL® Test

     21 Exercises on Pronouns

23 CHAPTER 3: PARTS OF A SENTENCE

     23 Introduction: Phyllis Wheatley

     24 Grammar: Parts of a Sentence

     30 On the TOEFL® Test

     31 Exercises on Parts of a Sentence

33 CHAPTER 4: VERBS

     33 Introduction: The Olympics

     35 Grammar: Verbs

     44 On the TOEFL® Test

     46 Exercises on Verbs

48 CHAPTER 5: PREPOSITIONS

     48 Introduction: Mount St. Helens

     49 Grammar: Prepositions

     55 On the TOEFL® Test

     56 Exercises on Prepositions

58 CHAPTER 6: ARTICLES

     58 Introduction: Islands

     60 Grammar: Articles

     65 On the TOEFL® Test

     66 Exercises on Articles

68 CHAPTER 7: NOUN CLAUSES

     68 Introduction: Michael Faraday

     69 Grammar: Noun Clauses

     73 On the TOEFL® Test

     74 Exercises on Noun Clauses

76 CHAPTER 8: ADJECTIVE CLAUSES

     76 Introduction: American Indian Smoke Signals

     77 Grammar: Adjective Clauses

     82 On the TOEFL® Test

     83 Exercises on Adjective Clauses

85 CHAPTER 9: ADVERB CLAUSES

     85 Introduction: Distant Galaxies

     86 Grammar: Adverb Clauses

     91 On the TOEFL® Test

     92 Exercises on Adverb Clauses

94 CHAPTER 10: PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES

     94 Introduction: Land Art

     95 Grammar: Prepositional Phrases

     98 On the TOEFL® Test

     99 Exercises on Prepositional Phrases

102 CHAPTER 11: COMPARATIVES AND SUPERLATIVES

     102 Introduction: Violins

     103 Grammar: Comparatives and Superlatives

     107 On the TOEFL® Test

     108 Exercises on Comparatives and Superlatives

110 CHAPTER 12: CONJUNCTIONS

     110 Introduction: The Soya Bean’s Industrial Uses

     111 Grammar: Conjunctions

     115 On the TOEFL® Test

     116 Exercises on Conjunctions

118 CHAPTER 13: PARALLEL STRUCTURE

     118 Introduction: Vitamin C

     119 Grammar: Parallel Structure

     122 On the TOEFL® Test

     123 Exercises on Parallel Structure

125 CHAPTER 14: WORD ORDER

     125 Introduction: Computers

     127 Grammar: Word Order

     130 On the TOEFL® Test

     131 Exercises on Inversion

133 CHAPTER 15: WORD FORMS

     133 Introduction: Benjamin Franklin

     134 Grammar: Word Forms

     139 On the TOEFL® Test

     140 Exercises on Word Forms

142 CHAPTER 16: WORD CHOICE AND REDUNDANCY

     142 Introduction: Asbestos

     144 Grammar: Word Choice

     149 Redundancy

     150 On the TOEFL® Test

     151 Exercises on Word Choice and Redundancy

153 PART II: STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION PRACTICE TESTS

154 PRACTICE TEST 1

160 PRACTICE TEST 2

166 PRACTICE TEST 3

172 PRACTICE TEST 4

178 PRACTICE TEST 5

185 Answer Key

Introduction: Master the TOEFL with Precision

Achieving a high score on the TOEFL iBT is not just about knowing English; it is about mastering the specific logic of the exam. 100 Practice Questions for the TOEFL Reading Section (featuring the TOEFL Grammar Flash series) is a comprehensive guidebook designed to take students from intermediate proficiency to advanced test-taking mastery.

Unlike general English textbooks, this resource is a “drill-down” manual. It deconstructs the most challenging components of the Reading and Structure sections into digestible, high-impact lessons.

Whether you are struggling with complex sentence simplification or the nuances of adjective clauses, this book provides the targeted practice necessary to bridge the gap between “knowing” and “scoring.”

Who is this book for?

This book is specifically tailored for ESL (English as a Second Language) students, academic professionals, and international applicants aiming for top-tier university admissions. It is ideal for:

• The Strategist: Students who want to understand the “why” behind every question type, from Inference to Rhetorical Purpose.
• The Grammar-Focused Learner: Those who need to sharpen their “Structure and Written Expression” skills to avoid common pitfalls in academic writing.
• Last-Minute Reviewers: With its “Flash” style format, it serves as an excellent intensive review tool for those with a test date fast approaching.

What Makes This Book Special?

The standout feature of this guide is its categorized approach. Instead of overwhelming students with random practice, the book organizes content by specific skill sets:

1. Question-Specific Strategies: The Reading section is broken down into 10 distinct question types. This allows students to identify their weakest areas—such as “Negative Factual Information” or “Sentence Simplification”—and practice them until they become second nature.

2. The “Grammar Flash” Advantage: The Structure section doesn’t just list rules; it contextualizes them for the TOEFL. The chapters on Noun Clauses, Parallel Structure, and Word Choice are legendary for helping students spot “trap” answers that the test makers frequently use.

3. Realistic Practice Tests: The inclusion of five full-length practice tests ensures that students can build the “mental stamina” required for the actual 2-hour exam environment.

The Verdict: Why It’s a Must-Read

In the world of TOEFL preparation, consistency is key. This book is a game-changer because it provides high-quality, exam-accurate content that mimics the actual difficulty level of the ETS exam.

If you are tired of generic prep materials that feel too easy or outdated, this is the investment you need. It’s concise, strategically organized, and focuses on the high-frequency grammar and vocabulary that actually appear on the test.

Read this book if you want to stop guessing and start knowing the right answers.